Second-Generation Magnesium Phosphates as Water Extractant Agents in Forward Osmosis and Subsequent Use in Hydroponics

Autor: Esther Mendoza, Albert Magrí, Gaëtan Blandin, Àlex Bayo, Josephine Vosse, Gianluigi Buttiglieri, Jesús Colprim, Joaquim Comas
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Membranes, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 226 (2023)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 13020226
2077-0375
DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020226
Popis: The recovery of nutrients from wastewater streams for their later use in agricultural fertilization is an interesting approach. Wastewater recovered magnesium phosphate (MgP) salts were used in a forward osmosis (FO) system as draw solution in order to extract water and to produce a nutrient solution to be used in a hydroponic system with lettuces (Lactuca sativa, L.). Owing to the low solubility of the MgP salts (i.e., struvite, hazenite and cattiite) in water, acid dissolution was successfully tested using citric and nitric acids to reach pH 3.0. The dilution by FO of the dissolved salts reached levels close to those needed by a hydroponic culture. Ion migration through the membrane was medium to high, and although it did not limit the dilution potential of the system, it might decrease the overall feasibility of the FO process. Functional growth of the lettuces in the hydroponic system was achieved with the three MgP salts using the recovered water as nutrient solution, once properly supplemented with nutrients with the desired concentrations. This is an innovative approach for promoting water reuse in hydroponics that benefits from the use of precipitated MgP salts as a nutrient source.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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