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Dimitrios Toumpanakis,1 Athanasia Chatzianastasiou,1 Vyronia Vassilakopoulou,1 Eleftheria Mizi,1 Maria Dettoraki,1 Fotis Perlikos,1 Georgia Giatra,1,2 Nikolaos Mikos,3 Stamatios Theocharis,4 Theodoros Vassilakopoulos1,2 1“Marianthi Simou” Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; 2 3rd Department of Critical Care Medicine, Evgenideio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; 3Allergology Department, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece; 4First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GreeceCorrespondence: Dimitrios Toumpanakis, Email dtoumpanakis@yahoo.grIntroduction: TRPV4 channels are calcium channels, activated by mechanical stress, that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation. During resistive breathing (RB), increased mechanical stress is imposed on the lung, inducing lung injury. The role of TRPV4 channels in RB-induced lung injury is unknown.Materials and Methods: Spontaneously breathing adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to RB by tracheal banding. Following anaesthesia, mice were placed under a surgical microscope, the surface area of the trachea was measured and a nylon band was sutured around the trachea to reduce area to half. The specific TRPV4 inhibitor, HC-067047 (10 mg/kg ip), was administered either prior to RB and at 12 hrs following initiation of RB (preventive) or only at 12 hrs after the initiation of RB (therapeutic protocol). Lung injury was assessed at 24 hrs of RB, by measuring lung mechanics, total protein, BAL total and differential cell count, KC and IL-6 levels in BAL fluid, surfactant Protein (Sp)D in plasma and a lung injury score by histology.Results: RB decreased static compliance (Cst), increased total protein in BAL (p < 0.001), total cell count due to increased number of both macrophages and neutrophils, increased KC and IL-6 in BAL (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively) and plasma SpD (p < 0.0001). Increased lung injury score was detected. Both preventive and therapeutic HC-067047 administration restored Cst and inhibited the increase in total protein, KC and IL-6 levels in BAL fluid, compared to RB. Preventive TRPV4 inhibition ameliorated the increase in BAL cellularity, while therapeutic TRPV4 inhibition exerted a partial effect. TRPV4 inhibition blunted the increase in plasma SpD (p < 0.001) after RB and the increase in lung injury score was also inhibited.Conclusion: TRPV4 inhibition exerts protective effects against RB-induced lung injury.Keywords: resistive breathing, TRPV4, lung permeability, pulmonary inflammation |
