| Popis: |
Carrying out special treatment is one of the main measures to maintain the combat capability of troops in conditions of chemical and biological contamination or radiation contamination of the area. The purpose of the work was to assess the current state of the means of special processing of military equipment and to identify possible ways to improve their effectiveness. The existing means of special processing of military equipment basically meet the requirements, however, in modern conditions they have a number of shortcomings and need to be improved. Thus, aqueous solutions of degassing and disinfecting substances and organic formulations of special treatment are used with a relatively high consumption rate of up to 4,5 l/m2 and 0,6 l/m2 , respectively, while the treatment time for 1 m2 can be 1 minute, which is related as with the physicochemical properties of the solutions and formulations used, as well as with the features of the methods of their application. In addition, technical means of special processing are not intended for processing the internal volumes of military equipment, and preparatory measures require a set of tools. In the course of the analysis, it was found that a decrease in the consumption rate and an increase in the rate of special circulation can be achieved as a result of the use of foam concentrates that give a prolonging effect to aqueous solutions of chemically active substances. Increasing the automation and productivity of special processing of military equipment up to 30–40 units/h can be achieved as a result of the development of an in-line processing method. This method consists in applying degassing formulations to the treated surface in the form of an aerosoldroplet flow using centrifugal nozzles located on a semi-arched movable structure. At the same time, the increase in productivity is primarily achieved as a result of an increase in the simultaneously processed area of the object. Reducing the time for preliminary preparation of objects and increasing the completeness of measures for the special processing of military equipment can be achieved as a result of the development of a multi-stage method of degassing, disinfection and decontamination. The method consists in the successive application of high-pressure water jets and foam-forming or solvent formulations with a given treatment exposure time. In some cases, along with the treatment of external surfaces, it becomes necessary to carry out degassing and disinfection of the internal habitable compartments of military equipment. One of the possible directions for solving this problem is a qualitative expansion of the capabilities of technical means of special treatment as a result of the development of a method for using ultra-small volumes of special treatment formulations in the form of a highly dispersed aerosol. It is advisable to spray solutions of chemically active substances by hydraulic or pneumohydraulic methods, while maintaining the main indicators of the quality of the formulations. The use of the presented means and methods of special treatment will improve the efficiency of ongoing measures for degassing, disinfection and decontamination as a result of increasing productivity, reducing the consumption rate of solutions and formulations of special treatment, increasing process automation and reducing labor intensity. |
