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Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) concentrations can alter the carbon:nitrogen ratio and palatability of host plants for herbivorous insects, but rhizobacteria likely mitigate the alteration and influence physiological adaptation of insects. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic analysis of maize (Zea mays) response to Azotobacter chroococcum (AC) inoculation under eCO2 conditions in contrast to ambient CO2 (aCO2), and studied the effects of plant-defense change of maize under eCO2 on the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata. Results showed that there were 16, 14, 16 and 135 differentially expressed genes that were associated with plant-defense response in maize leaves between aCO2-CK and aCO2-AC, eCO2-CK and eCO2-AC, aCO2-CK and eCO2-CK, aCO2-AC and eCO2-AC, respectively. Moreover, A. chroococcum inoculation and eCO2 influenced plant hormone signal transduction of maize. Interestingly, A. chroococcum inoculation significantly decreased the contents of JA (jasmonic acid) and JA-Ile (isoleucine conjugate of JA) in leaves, but eCO2 markedly increased contents of JA-Ile, JA and SA (salicylic acid). Compared to aCO2, eCO2 significantly decreased activity of protective enzyme (catalase), and increased activities of digestive (lipase and protease), protective (peroxidase) and detoxifying enzymes (carboxylesterase, Mixed-functional oxidase and glutathione s-transferase), prolonged developmental time, and decreased survival rate and body weight of larvae (P |
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