Challenges of Diphtheria Toxin Detection

Autor: Marta Prygiel, Ewa Mosiej, Maciej Polak, Katarzyna Krysztopa-Grzybowska, Karol Wdowiak, Kamila Formińska, Aleksandra A. Zasada
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Toxins, Vol 16, Iss 6, p 245 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 16060245
2072-6651
19356900
DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060245
Popis: Diphtheria toxin (DT) is the main virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis. Moreover, new Corynebacterium species with the potential to produce diphtheria toxin have also been described. Therefore, the detection of the toxin is the most important test in the microbiological diagnosis of diphtheria and other corynebacteria infections. Since the first demonstration in 1888 that DT is a major virulence factor of C. diphtheriae, responsible for the systemic manifestation of the disease, various methods for DT detection have been developed, but the diagnostic usefulness of most of them has not been confirmed on a sufficiently large group of samples. Despite substantial progress in the science and diagnostics of infectious diseases, the Elek test is still the basic recommended diagnostic test for DT detection. The challenge here is the poor availability of an antitoxin and declining experience even in reference laboratories due to the low prevalence of diphtheria in developed countries. However, recent and very promising assays have been developed with the potential for use as rapid point-of-care testing (POCT), such as ICS and LFIA for toxin detection, LAMP for tox gene detection, and biosensors for both.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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