Can Environmental Stressors Determine the Condition of Ecological Plant Groups?
| Autor: | Beata Koim-Puchowska, Piotr Kamiński, Piotr Puchowski, Anna Ossowska, Monika Wieloch, Mateusz Labudda, Halina Tkaczenko, Tadeusz Barczak, Alina Woźniak, Natalia Kurhaluk |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2024 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Plants, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 1550 (2024) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 2223-7747 44955111 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/plants13111550 |
| Popis: | There is still a need to investigate the relationships between glycophytes and halophytes and the many biotic and abiotic factors in their natural environments. Therefore, we study the effects of the type of environment on the ecophysiological responses and condition of the glycophyte Elder Sambucus nigra L., the macrophyte Common Reed Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., the facultative halophyte Weeping Alkaligrass Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl, and the obligate halophyte Common Glasswort Salicornia europaea L. in a saline-disturbed anthropogenic region of central Poland. We analyzed the effects of salinity, acidity, and soil organic matter on shoot length, lipoperoxidation, and proline in roots and green parts, and evaluated plant responses to environmental disturbance, which allowed for the comparison of adaptation strategies. The studies were carried out in (1) “sodium production” (near sodium factories), (2) “anthropogenic environments” (waste dumps, agroecosystems, calcium deposits, post-production tanks), (3) “wetland environments” (near river channels and riparian areas), and (4) “control” (natural, unpolluted environments). Green parts of plants are better suited to indicate environmental stress than roots. Their higher structural MDA membrane damage is related to the transport of toxic ions to the shoots by a rapid transpiration stream in the xylem. We found high salinity to be the main factor inducing growth and found it to be correlated with the high pH effect on proline increase in glycophytes (Elder, Reed) and Weeping Alkaligrass, in contrast to Common Glasswort. We suggest that proline accumulation allows osmotic adjustment in the green parts of reeds and alkaligrasses, but may have another function (in Elder). Common Glasswort accumulates large amounts of Na+, which is energetically more effective than proline accumulation for osmotic adjustment. Organic matter affects plant growth and proline levels, but soil salinity and pH alter nutrient availability. Plant distribution along the salinity gradient indicates that Elder is the most salt-sensitive species compared to Reed, Alkaligrass, and Glasswort. Salinity and the lack of control of thick reeds, which compete with other plant groups, affect the distribution of halophytes in saline environments. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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