Photoacoustic hygrometer for icing wind tunnel water content measurement: design, analysis, and intercomparison

Autor: B. Lang, W. Breitfuss, S. Schweighart, P. Breitegger, H. Pervier, A. Tramposch, A. Klug, W. Hassler, A. Bergmann
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 14, Pp 2477-2500 (2021)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1867-1381
1867-8548
DOI: 10.5194/amt-14-2477-2021
Popis: This work describes the latest design, calibration and application of a near-infrared laser diode-based photoacoustic (PA) hygrometer developed for total water content measurement in simulated atmospheric freezing precipitation and high ice water content conditions with relevance in fundamental icing research, aviation testing, and certification. The single-wavelength and single-pass PA absorption cell is calibrated for molar water vapor fractions with a two-pressure humidity generator integrated into the instrument. Laboratory calibration showed an estimated measurement accuracy better than 3.3 % in the water vapor mole fraction range of 510–12 360 ppm (5 % from 250–21 200 ppm) with a theoretical limit of detection (3σ) of 3.2 ppm. The hygrometer is examined in combination with a basic isokinetic evaporator probe (IKP) and sampling system designed for icing wind tunnel applications, for which a general description of total condensed water content (CWC) measurements and uncertainties are presented. Despite the current limitation of the IKP to a hydrometeor mass flux below 90 gm-2s-1, a CWC measurement accuracy better than 20 % is achieved by the instrument above a CWC of 0.14 g m−3 in cold air (−30 ∘C) with suitable background humidity measurement. Results of a comparison to the Cranfield University IKP instrument in freezing drizzle and rain show a CWC agreement of the two instruments within 20 %, which demonstrates the potential of PA hygrometers for water content measurement in atmospheric icing conditions.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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