A review of vegetable waste bio-processing techniques in rural areas
| Autor: | Noorafizah Murshid, Junidah Lamaming, Sariah Saalah, Mariani Rajin, Abu Zahrim Yaser |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2024 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, Vol 13, Iss 2, Pp 1-25 (2024) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 2195-3228 2251-7715 |
| DOI: | 10.57647/j.ijrowa.2024.1302.13 |
| Popis: | Purpose: Vegetable waste (VW) could cause environmental problems if not properly managed. Due to rural living conditions and a relatively low residence density, VW is usually disposed of in landfills. Waste management should be engineered in a way to process the waste into value-added products in a sustainable manner. This review evaluates four bioprocessing techniques for this purpose: anaerobic digestion (AD), vermicomposting (VC), black soldier fly composting (BSFC), and composting. Method: A systematic search involved databases from Scopus using keywords like “vegetable waste; anaerobic digestion; composting; vermicomposting; black soldier fly”. By reviewing and synthesizing 173 articles (with 162 from 2019–2023), this paper summarizes and illustrates the information collected. Results: In a systematic search, AD and composting easily surpassed 2000 publications (from 2013 to January 2023). Besides composting emerged as a cost-effective (for MYR 1.40/kg) bio-processing technique in terms of production cost. This review on VW composting is based on an acceptable C/N ratio (30–50), moisture content (50%–80%), ratio of VW to additives (typically 30:70), efficient additives, and inoculation strategy. This review also summarizes the maturity index and illustrates the usage of compost and leachate as fertilizer. Conclusion: VW composting in rural areas is reliable and beneficial because it uses a small-scale reactor and has the potential for a circular economy in the community. Highlights The current state of vegetable waste composting has opportunities for improvement. Economic feasibility between bio-processing techniques such as anaerobic digestion, black soldier fly composting, vermicomposting, and composting is analyzed. Composting efficiency is improved by parameter optimization. The compost and leachate produced demonstrate secondary usage and initiate the circular economy. The environmental impact and benefits of rural vegetable waste management are discussed. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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