| Popis: |
This paper discusses the rituals of childhood civic education, in German and Slavic ethnic schools in Parana State. The time frame is the first decades of the 20 th century, when educational policies were guided by shaping a sense of belonging to the nation. Research sources depict the process of maintaining the ethnic identity and culture of origin, through festivals and rituals, and by resisting nationalization. Until 1917, celebrations of native-land civic dates were intense in ethnic schools. The Brazilian State implemented several measures to form a sense of belonging to the nation, such as celebrations, civic parades and teaching patriotic songs, which the schools were forced to celebrate. |
