Gastrointestinal microbiome and primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a review of the literature and conclusions
| Autor: | Yu-Feng Yao, Mei-Ying Wang, Xiao-Yan Dou |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol 15, Iss 11, Pp 1864-1872 (2022) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 2222-3959 2227-4898 08542104 |
| DOI: | 10.18240/ijo.2022.11.19 |
| Popis: | The recognition of the profound impact of the human gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) on human autoimmune diseases has gradually increased thanks to deeper research efforts. As a systemic autoimmune disease, primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) cannot be completely cured. Human studies have revealed that GM species and diversity are altered in patients with pSS compared with healthy individuals. Animal studies have provided possible mechanisms for the association between pSS and GM. The potential role of GM in pSS is exerted through several mechanisms. GM dysbiosis leads to increased intestinal permeability, which increases the risk of GM antigen exposure and activates specific autoreactive T lymphocytes via “molecular mimicry”. In addition, GM antigen exposure and intestinal immune tolerance loss caused by GM dysbiosis together induce chronic local gut mucosal inflammation, which deteriorates to systemic chronic non-specific inflammation with the circulation of pro-inflammatory lymphocytes and cytokines. These factors eventually activate autoreactive B lymphocytes and lead to pSS. If GM plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pSS, clarifying the underlying mechanisms will be helpful for the development of new therapies targeting GM for dry eye associated with pSS. This review summarizes the latest knowledge about the relationship between GM and pSS, with the aim of contributing to future research and to the development of new clinical applications. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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