Incidence and factor analysis for the heat-related illness on the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games
Autor: | Takao Akama, Hiroyuki Yokota, Yasuhiro Otomo, Manabu Sugita, Shota Tanaka, Ryo Sagisaka, Hideharu Tanaka, Nagisa Kato, Tomoya Kinoshi, Tetsuya Miyamoto, Hironori Inoue, Shuji Sakanashi, Hiroto Numata, Tomohiko Masuno, Kousuke Nakano, Takahiko Tokunaga, Katsuhiko Sugimoto, Junichi Inoue, Koshi Nakagawa |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2023 |
Předmět: | |
Zdroj: | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 2 (2023) |
Druh dokumentu: | article |
ISSN: | 2022-0014 2055-7647 |
DOI: | 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001467 |
Popis: | Introduction Among the 43 venues of Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games (OG) and 33 venues of Paralympic Games (PG) were held, the heat island effect was highly expected to cause heat-related illnesses in the outdoor venues with maximum temperatures exceeding 35°C. However, the actual number of heat-related illness cases during the competition was lower than that was initially expected, and it was unclear under what conditions or environment-related heat illnesses occurred among athletes.Object To clarify the cause and factors contributing to the occurrence of heat-related illness among athletes participating in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.Method This retrospective descriptive study included 15 820 athletes from 206 countries. From 21 July 2021 to 8 August 2021 for the Olympics, and from 24 August 2021 to 5 September 2021 for the Paralympics. The number of heat-related illness cases at each venue, the incidence rate for each event, gender, home continent, as well as the type of competition, environmental factors (such as venue, time, location and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT)), treatment factor and the type of competition were analysed.Results More number of heat-related illnesses among athletes occurred at the OG (n=110, 76.3%) than at the PG (n=36, 23.7%). A total of 100 cases (100%) at the OG and 31 cases (86.1%) at the PG occurred at the outdoors venues. In the OG, a total of 50 cases (57.9%) occurred during the competition of marathon running and race walking at Sapporo Odori Park. Six of those, were diagnosed with exertional heat illness and treated with cold water immersion (CWI) at OG and one case at PG. Another 20 cases occurred in athletics (track and field) competitions at Tokyo National Olympic Stadium. In total, 10 cases (10.0%) were diagnosed with severe heat illness in the OG and 3 cases (8.3%) in the PG. Ten cases were transferred to outside medical facilities for further treatment, but no case has been hospitalised due to severe condition. In the factor analysis, venue zone, outdoor game, high WBGT ( |
Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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