A preliminary study of gene expression changes in Koalas Infected with Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) and identification of potential biomarkers for KoRV pathogenesis

Autor: Lipi Akter, Md Abul Hashem, Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Md Arju Hossain, Fumie Maetani, Rupaly Akhter, Kazi Anowar Hossain, Md Haroon Or Rashid, Hiroko Sakurai, Takayuki Asai, M. Nazmul Hoque, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: BMC Veterinary Research, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1746-6148
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04357-5
Popis: Abstract Background Koala retrovirus (KoRV), a major pathogen of koalas, exists in both endogenous (KoRV-A) and exogenous forms (KoRV-A to I and K to M) and causes multiple disease phenotypes, including carcinomas and immunosuppression. However, the direct association between the different KoRV subtypes and carcinogenesis remains unknown. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of koalas carrying both endogenous (KoRV-A) and exogenous (KoRV-A, B, and C) subtypes was performed using a high-throughput RNA-seq approach. PBMCs were obtained from three healthy koalas: one infected with endogenous (KoRV-A; Group I) and two infected with exogenous (KoRV-B and/or KoRV-C; Group II) subtypes. Additionally, spleen samples (n = 6) from six KoRV-infected deceased koalas (K1- K6) and blood samples (n = 1) from a live koala (K7) were collected and examined to validate the findings. Results All koalas were positive for the endogenous KoRV-A subtype, and eight koalas were positive for KoRV-B and/or KoRV-C. Transcription of KoRV gag, pol, and env genes was detected in all koalas. Upregulation of cytokine and immunosuppressive genes was observed in koalas infected with KoRV-B or KoRV-B and -C subtypes, compared to koalas infected with only KoRV-A. We found 550 DEG signatures with significant (absolute p 1.5) dysregulation, out of which 77.6% and 22.4% DEGs were upregulated (log2FC > 1.5) and downregulated (log2FC
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