Sex differences in fetal growth and immediate birth outcomes in a low-risk Caucasian population

Autor: Sander Galjaard, Lieveke Ameye, Christoph C. Lees, Anne Pexsters, Tom Bourne, Dirk Timmerman, Roland Devlieger
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Zdroj: Biology of Sex Differences, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2019)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2042-6410
DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0261-7
Popis: Abstract Background According to the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group recommendations, boys and girls have different growth trajectories after birth. Our aim was to develop gender-specific fetal growth curves in a low-risk population and to compare immediate birth outcomes. Methods First, second, and third trimester fetal ultrasound examinations were conducted between 2002 and 2012. The data was selected using the following criteria: routine examinations in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies, Caucasian ethnicity, and confirmation of gestational age by a crown-rump length (CRL) measurement in the first trimester. Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) was used to align the time frames of the longitudinal fetal measurements, corresponding with the methods of the postnatal growth curves of the WHO MGRS Group. Results A total of 27,680 complete scans were selected from the astraia© ultrasound database representing 12,368 pregnancies. Gender-specific fetal growth curves for biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were derived. The HC and BPD were significantly larger in boys compared to girls from 20 weeks of gestation onwards (p
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