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Abstract Background Bipolar disorder is associated with functional impairment and diminished health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The purpose of this study was to estimate the annual per patient direct healthcare costs, indirect costs, and HRQoL of patients with bipolar disorder by depressive symptom severity and overall compared to the general population in the US. Methods This cross-sectional study used self-reported data from the 2020 US National Health and Wellness Survey. Adult respondents who reported bipolar disorder symptoms in the past 12 months and/or a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were identified (bipolar disorder cohort) and were further classified by depressive symptom severity based on Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores (none/mild = 0–9, moderate = 10–14, severe = 15–27). Annualized direct healthcare costs and indirect costs were calculated from 6-month healthcare resource utilization and work productivity, respectively. A general population cohort was constructed using 2:1 propensity score matching. Multivariate regression models of all-cause hospitalizations in the past 6 months, annualized direct healthcare costs, annualized indirect costs, and HRQoL (eg, EuroQol 5-Dimension Health Questionnaire (EQ-5D)) controlled for confounders (demographic and clinical characteristics). Results Of 3583 adults meeting pre-specified criteria for bipolar disorder, 1401 (39.1%) reported none/mild, 889 (24.8%) moderate, and 1293 (36.1%) severe depressive symptom severity. Additionally, 3285 (91.7%) were matched to 6570 adults in the general population. Compared to the general population, adjusted mean hospitalizations (0.53 vs. 0.30), annualized per patient direct healthcare costs ($20,846 vs. $11,391), and indirect costs ($14,795 vs. $9274) were significantly greater for the bipolar disorder cohort (all p |
