Small and Simple Systems That Favor the Arrow of Time

Autor:	Ralph V. Chamberlin
Jazyk:	angličtina
Rok vydání:	2024
Předmět:	arrow of time 2nd law of thermodynamics maximum entropy non-extensive entropy thermal equilibrium stable nanothermodynamics Science Astrophysics QB460-466 Physics QC1-999
Zdroj:	Entropy, Vol 26, Iss 3, p 190 (2024)
Druh dokumentu:	article
ISSN:	1099-4300
DOI:	10.3390/e26030190
Popis:	The 2nd law of thermodynamics yields an irreversible increase in entropy until thermal equilibrium is achieved. This irreversible increase is often assumed to require large and complex systems to emerge from the reversible microscopic laws of physics. We test this assumption using simulations and theory of a 1D ring of N Ising spins coupled to an explicit heat bath of N Einstein oscillators. The simplicity of this system allows the exact entropy to be calculated for the spins and the heat bath for any N, with dynamics that is readily altered from reversible to irreversible. We find thermal-equilibrium behavior in the thermodynamic limit, and in systems as small as N=2, but both results require microscopic dynamics that is intrinsically irreversible.
Databáze:	Directory of Open Access Journals
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