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Abstract Background The use of robot‐assisted surgery for rectal cancer is increasing, but its short‐term results remain unclear. We compared the short‐term outcomes of robot‐assisted and laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer using a nationwide inpatient database. Methods We analyzed patients registered in the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database who underwent robot‐assisted or laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer from April 2018 to March 2020. Postoperative complication rates, anesthesia time, length of hospital stay, and cost were compared using propensity score matching for low anterior resection (LAR), high anterior resection (HAR), and abdominoperineal resection (APR). Results Among 38 090 rectal cancer cases, 1992 LAR, 357 HAR, and 310 APR pairs were generated by propensity score matching and analyzed. Anesthesia time was longer for robot‐assisted surgery compared with laparoscopic surgery (LAR: 388.6 vs. 452.8 min, p |
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