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Lina Elsalem,1 Ahmad A Jum’ah,2 Mahmoud A Alfaqih,3 Osama Aloudat4 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 2Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 3Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 4Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JordanCorrespondence: Lina ElsalemDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, JordanTel +962 27201000 Ext 23800Fax +962 27201064Email lmelsalem@just.edu.joAbstract: The microbiota has an essential role in the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal diseases including cancer. This effect is mediated through different mechanisms such as damaging DNA, activation of oncogenic pathways, production of carcinogenic metabolites, stimulation of chronic inflammation, and inhibition of antitumor immunity. Recently, the concept of “pharmacomicrobiomics” has emerged as a new field concerned with exploring the interplay between drugs and microbes. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiota and their metabolites have a major impact on the pharmacodynamics and therapeutic responses toward anticancer drugs including conventional chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapeutics. In addition, microbiota appears as an attractive target for cancer prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of different cancer types affecting the gastrointestinal tract system. We also scrutinize the evidence regarding the role of microbiota in anticancer drug responses. Further, we discuss the use of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and antibiotics, either alone or in combination with anticancer drugs for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tract cancers.Keywords: microbiome, dysbiosis, antibiotics, probiotics, cancer treatment, prevention |
