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Coronavirus, or COVID-19, is classified as a deadly pandemic that has paralyzed every aspect of life all over the world including education (COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic, 2020; Sun et al., 2020). The spread of this virus has pushed the world into quarantine and to the implement of emergency lockdown plans to limit the virus’ spread. Most countries have been asked to stay at home to save their lives (UNESCO, 2020). With the advent of Covid-19, the luxury of making the choice was abolished. It has caused educational institutions around the world to close their doors and apply social distancing strategies such as moving their teaching and learning processes into the online space. COVID-19 has affected education systems severely. This deadly pandemic has challenged universities to provide students with online teaching and learning settings. During the Covid-19 period, e-learning became a temporary shift of instructional delivery to an alternate delivery mode due to the crisis situation (Hodges et al., 2020). As Murphy (2020) stated schools also have been threats to securitization at the time of the pandemic and needed to be closed to provide safety of students by creating social distance and preventing social interactions among people in which recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020). Daniel (2020) indicated that education, which has grown up considerably at all levels for 50 years, has its greatest challenge so far. Thus, %90 of students could not attend their schools in the world and it has been estimated that there are 1,5 billion learners affected by school and university closures (UNESCO, 2020). The responses to the COVID-19 pandemic threat by schools around the world have varied, from total study cessation to a switch to online/distance learning. Like many governments, The Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government also ordered to cancel face to face instruction and determined to convert to the system into an online or distance education one. |
