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Ascites, the most common complication of cirrhosis, is associated with a poor quality of life, an increased risk of infection, and renal failure. Twenty percent of cirrhotic patients have ascites at the time of diagnosis, while 30% and 50% will develop ascites by 5 and 10 years, respectively. There are several factors that contribute to ascites formation in cirrhotic patients, these include splanchnic vasodilatation, arterial hypotension, high cardiac output, and decreased vascular resistance. These factors lead to ineffective intravascular volume (hyperdynamic state), impairment of renal function, and subsequent water and sodium retention, all of which lead to dilutional hyponatremia (serum sodium |
