Placental epigenetic gestational aging in relation to maternal sociodemographic factors and smoking among infants born extremely preterm: a descriptive study

Autor: Jeliyah Clark, Catherine M. Bulka, Chantel L. Martin, Kyle Roell, Hudson P. Santos, T. Michael O’Shea, Lisa Smeester, Rebecca Fry, Radhika Dhingra
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Epigenetics, Vol 17, Iss 13, Pp 2389-2403 (2022)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1559-2294
1559-2308
15592294
DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2125717
Popis: Social determinants of health (SDoH) are defined as the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. The distribution of these conditions is influenced by underlying structural factors and may be linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes through epigenetic modifications of gestational tissues. A promising modification is epigenetic gestational age (eGA), which captures ‘biological’ age at birth. Measuring eGA in placenta, an organ critical for foetal development, may provide information about how SDoH ‘get under the skin’ during pregnancy to influence birth outcomes and ethnic/racial disparities. We examined relationships of placental eGA with sociodemographic factors, smoking, and two key clinical outcomes: Apgar scores and NICU length of stay. Using the Robust Placental Clock, we estimated eGA for placental samples from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns cohort (N = 408). Regression modelling revealed smoking during pregnancy was associated with placental eGA acceleration (i.e., eGA higher than chronologic gestational age). This association differed by maternal race: among infants born to mothers racialized as Black, we observed greater eGA acceleration (+0.89 week, 95% CI: 0.38, 1.40) as compared to those racialized as white (+0.27 week, 95% CI: −0.06, 0.59). Placental eGA acceleration was also correlated with shorter NICU lengths of stay, but only among infants born to mothers racialized as Black (−0.08 d/week-eGA, 95% CI: −0.12, −0.05). Together, these observed associations suggest that interpretations of epigenetic gestational aging may be tissue-specific.
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