A single inactivating amino acid change in the SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 Mac1 domain attenuates viral replication in vivo.

Autor: Taha Y Taha, Rahul K Suryawanshi, Irene P Chen, Galen J Correy, Maria McCavitt-Malvido, Patrick C O'Leary, Manasi P Jogalekar, Morgan E Diolaiti, Gabriella R Kimmerly, Chia-Lin Tsou, Ronnie Gascon, Mauricio Montano, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Nevan J Krogan, Alan Ashworth, James S Fraser, Melanie Ott
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: PLoS Pathogens, Vol 19, Iss 8, p e1011614 (2023)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1553-7366
1553-7374
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011614&type=printable
Popis: Despite unprecedented efforts, our therapeutic arsenal against SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. The conserved macrodomain 1 (Mac1) in NSP3 is an enzyme exhibiting ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity and a possible drug target. To determine the role of Mac1 catalytic activity in viral replication, we generated recombinant viruses and replicons encoding a catalytically inactive NSP3 Mac1 domain by mutating a critical asparagine in the active site. While substitution to alanine (N40A) reduced catalytic activity by ~10-fold, mutations to aspartic acid (N40D) reduced activity by ~100-fold relative to wild-type. Importantly, the N40A mutation rendered Mac1 unstable in vitro and lowered expression levels in bacterial and mammalian cells. When incorporated into SARS-CoV-2 molecular clones, the N40D mutant only modestly affected viral fitness in immortalized cell lines, but reduced viral replication in human airway organoids by 10-fold. In mice, the N40D mutant replicated at >1000-fold lower levels compared to the wild-type virus while inducing a robust interferon response; all animals infected with the mutant virus survived infection. Our data validate the critical role of SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 Mac1 catalytic activity in viral replication and as a promising therapeutic target to develop antivirals.
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