Blue‐green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers

Autor: Basem Kanawati, Marko Bertic, Franco Moritz, Felix Habermann, Ina Zimmer, David Mackey, Philippe Schmitt‐Kopplin, Jörg‐Peter Schnitzler, Jörg Durner, Frank Gaupels
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Plant Direct, Vol 7, Iss 9, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2475-4455
36485365
DOI: 10.1002/pld3.531
Popis: Abstract Infection of Arabidopsis with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae and exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) both trigger hypersensitive cell death (HCD) that is characterized by the emission of bright blue‐green (BG) autofluorescence under UV illumination. The aim of our current work was to identify the BG fluorescent molecules and scrutinize their biosynthesis, localization, and functions during the HCD. Compared with wild‐type (WT) plants, the phenylpropanoid‐deficient mutant fah1 developed normal HCD except for the absence of BG fluorescence. Ultrahigh resolution metabolomics combined with mass difference network analysis revealed that WT but not fah1 plants rapidly accumulate dehydrodimers of sinapic acid, sinapoylmalate, 5‐hydroxyferulic acid, and 5‐hydroxyferuloylmalate during the HCD. FAH1‐dependent BG fluorescence appeared exclusively within dying cells of the upper epidermis as detected by microscopy. Saponification released dehydrodimers from cell wall polymers of WT but not fah1 plants. Collectively, our data suggest that HCD induction leads to the formation of free BG fluorescent dehydrodimers from monomeric sinapates and 5‐hydroxyferulates. The formed dehydrodimers move from upper epidermis cells into the apoplast where they esterify cell wall polymers. Possible functions of phenylpropanoid dehydrodimers are discussed.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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