Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Autor: Giada Antonelli, Luigia Cappelli, Paolo Cinelli, Rossella Cuffaro, Benedetta Manca, Sonia Nicchi, Serena Tondi, Giacomo Vezzani, Viola Viviani, Isabel Delany, Maria Scarselli, Francesca Schiavetti
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 9, p 4943 (2021)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1422-0067
1661-6596
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094943
Popis: Traditional antimicrobial treatments consist of drugs which target different essential functions in pathogens. Nevertheless, bacteria continue to evolve new mechanisms to evade this drug-mediated killing with surprising speed on the deployment of each new drug and antibiotic worldwide, a phenomenon called antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Nowadays, AMR represents a critical health threat, for which new medical interventions are urgently needed. By 2050, it is estimated that the leading cause of death will be through untreatable AMR pathogens. Although antibiotics remain a first-line treatment, non-antibiotic therapies such as prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly interesting alternatives to limit the spread of such antibiotic resistant microorganisms. For the discovery of new vaccines and mAbs, the search for effective antigens that are able to raise protective immune responses is a challenging undertaking. In this context, outer membrane vesicles (OMV) represent a promising approach, as they recapitulate the complete antigen repertoire that occurs on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we present Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as specific examples of key AMR threats caused by Gram-negative bacteria and we discuss the current status of mAbs and vaccine approaches under development as well as how knowledge on OMV could benefit antigen discovery strategies.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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