Insights into the genetic epidemiology of Crohn's and rare diseases in the Ashkenazi Jewish population.

Autor: Manuel A Rivas, Brandon E Avila, Jukka Koskela, Hailiang Huang, Christine Stevens, Matti Pirinen, Talin Haritunians, Benjamin M Neale, Mitja Kurki, Andrea Ganna, Daniel Graham, Benjamin Glaser, Inga Peter, Gil Atzmon, Nir Barzilai, Adam P Levine, Elena Schiff, Nikolas Pontikos, Ben Weisburd, Monkol Lek, Konrad J Karczewski, Jonathan Bloom, Eric V Minikel, Britt-Sabina Petersen, Laurent Beaugerie, Philippe Seksik, Jacques Cosnes, Stefan Schreiber, Bernd Bokemeyer, Johannes Bethge, International IBD Genetics Consortium, NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium, T2D-GENES Consortium, Graham Heap, Tariq Ahmad, Vincent Plagnol, Anthony W Segal, Stephan Targan, Dan Turner, Paivi Saavalainen, Martti Farkkila, Kimmo Kontula, Aarno Palotie, Steven R Brant, Richard H Duerr, Mark S Silverberg, John D Rioux, Rinse K Weersma, Andre Franke, Luke Jostins, Carl A Anderson, Jeffrey C Barrett, Daniel G MacArthur, Chaim Jalas, Harry Sokol, Ramnik J Xavier, Ann Pulver, Judy H Cho, Dermot P B McGovern, Mark J Daly
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
Zdroj: PLoS Genetics, Vol 14, Iss 5, p e1007329 (2018)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1553-7390
1553-7404
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007329
Popis: As part of a broader collaborative network of exome sequencing studies, we developed a jointly called data set of 5,685 Ashkenazi Jewish exomes. We make publicly available a resource of site and allele frequencies, which should serve as a reference for medical genetics in the Ashkenazim (hosted in part at https://ibd.broadinstitute.org, also available in gnomAD at http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). We estimate that 34% of protein-coding alleles present in the Ashkenazi Jewish population at frequencies greater than 0.2% are significantly more frequent (mean 15-fold) than their maximum frequency observed in other reference populations. Arising via a well-described founder effect approximately 30 generations ago, this catalog of enriched alleles can contribute to differences in genetic risk and overall prevalence of diseases between populations. As validation we document 148 AJ enriched protein-altering alleles that overlap with "pathogenic" ClinVar alleles (table available at https://github.com/macarthur-lab/clinvar/blob/master/output/clinvar.tsv), including those that account for 10-100 fold differences in prevalence between AJ and non-AJ populations of some rare diseases, especially recessive conditions, including Gaucher disease (GBA, p.Asn409Ser, 8-fold enrichment); Canavan disease (ASPA, p.Glu285Ala, 12-fold enrichment); and Tay-Sachs disease (HEXA, c.1421+1G>C, 27-fold enrichment; p.Tyr427IlefsTer5, 12-fold enrichment). We next sought to use this catalog, of well-established relevance to Mendelian disease, to explore Crohn's disease, a common disease with an estimated two to four-fold excess prevalence in AJ. We specifically attempt to evaluate whether strong acting rare alleles, particularly protein-truncating or otherwise large effect-size alleles, enriched by the same founder-effect, contribute excess genetic risk to Crohn's disease in AJ, and find that ten rare genetic risk factors in NOD2 and LRRK2 are enriched in AJ (p < 0.005), including several novel contributing alleles, show evidence of association to CD. Independently, we find that genomewide common variant risk defined by GWAS shows a strong difference between AJ and non-AJ European control population samples (0.97 s.d. higher, p
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