A CFO-Assisted Algorithm for Wireless Time-Difference-of-Arrival Localization Networks: Analytical Study and Experimental Results

Autor: Cédric Hannotier, François Horlin, François Quitin
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 3, p 737 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1424-8220
DOI: 10.3390/s24030737
Popis: Localization of wireless transmitters is traditionally done using Radio Frequency (RF) sensors that measure the propagation delays between the transmitter and a set of anchor receivers. One of the major challenges of wireless localization systems is the need for anchor nodes to be time-synchronized to achieve accurate localization of a target node. Using a reference transmitter is an efficient way to synchronize the anchor nodes Over-The-Air (OTA), but such algorithms require multiple periodic messages to achieve tight synchronization. In this paper, we propose a new synchronization method that only requires a single message from a reference transmitter. The main idea is to use the Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) from the reference node, alongside the Time of Arrival (ToA) of the reference node messages, to achieve tight synchronization. The ToA allows the anchor nodes to compensate for their absolute time offset, and the CFO allows the anchor nodes to compensate for their local oscillator drift. Additionally, using the CFO of the messages sent by the reference nodes and the target nodes also allow us to estimate the speed of the targets. The error of the proposed algorithm is derived analytically and is validated through controlled laboratory experiments. Finally, the algorithm is validated by realistic outdoor vehicular measurements with a software-defined radio testbed.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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