Factors associated with anemia and vitamin A deficiency in Brazilian children under 5 years old: Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019)

Autor: Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro, Paula Normando, Dayana Rodrigues Farias, Talita Lelis Berti, Raquel Machado Schincaglia, Pedro Gomes Andrade, Neilane Bertoni, Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda, Luiz Antonio dos Anjos, Cristiano Siqueira Boccolini, Marta Citelli dos Reis, Flávia Fioruci Bezerra, Lucia Fatima Campos Pedrosa, Alceu Afonso Jordão Junior, Pedro Israel Cabral de Lira, Gilberto Kac, Letícia B. Vertulli Carneiro, Nadya Helena Alves-Santos
Jazyk: English<br />Spanish; Castilian<br />Portuguese
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Vol 39, Iss suppl 2 (2023)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1678-4464
0102-311x
DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen194922
Popis: Abstract: Factors associated with anemia and vitamin A deficiency were investigated in 7,716 children 6-59 months of age studied in the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). We adopted a hierarchical approach based on a United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) theoretical model with three levels, stratifying by age (6-23; 24-59 months). Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were estimated. Enabling determinants: a higher prevalence of anemia was observed in children 6-23 months whose mothers had ≤ 7 years of schooling (PR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.10; 3.34), < 20 years old (PR = 2.47; 95%CI: 1.34; 4.56) or 20-30 years old (PR = 1.95; 95%CI: 1.11; 3.44), mixed-race (PR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.06; 2.23); and in children 24-59 months in the North Region (PR = 3.11; 95%CI: 1.58; 6.13). A higher prevalence for vitamin A deficiency was observed in children 6-23 months from Central-West (PR = 2.32; 95%CI: 1.33; 4.05), and in children 24-59 months living in the North (PR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.16; 3.30), South (PR = 3.07; 95%CI: 1.89; 5.01), and Central-West (PR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.12; 3.25) and whose mothers were 20-34 years (PR = 1.62; 95%CI: 1.11; 2.35). Underlying determinants: the presence of more than one child < 5 years old in the household was associated with a higher prevalence of anemia (PR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.15; 2.25) and vitamin A deficiency (PR = 1.82; 95%CI: 1.09; 3.05) in children 6-23 months. Immediate determinants: consumption of 1-2 groups of ultra-processed foods in children 24-59 months (PR = 0.44; 95%CI: 0.25; 0.81) and lack of breastfeeding in the day before in children 6-23 months (PR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.36; 0.95) were associated with lower prevalence of anemia and vitamin A deficiency. Public policies focused on geographically and socially vulnerable groups are needed to promote equity.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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