Patterns of Kdr-L995F Allele Emergence Alongside Detoxifying Enzymes Associated with Deltamethrin Resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. from North Cameroon

Autor: Josiane Etang, Stanislas Elysée Mandeng, Philippe Nwane, Herman Parfait Awono-Ambene, Jude D. Bigoga, Wolfgang Eyisap Ekoko, Achille Jerome Binyang, Michael Piameu, Lili Ranaise Mbakop, Narcisse Mvondo, Raymond Tabue, Rémy Mimpfoundi, Jean Claude Toto, Immo Kleinschmidt, Tessa Bellamy Knox, Abraham Peter Mnzava, Martin James Donnelly, Etienne Fondjo
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Pathogens, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 253 (2022)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 11020253
2076-0817
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020253
Popis: Understanding how multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms occur in malaria vectors is essential for efficient vector control. This study aimed at assessing the evolution of metabolic mechanisms and Kdr L995F/S resistance alleles in Anopheles gambiae s.l. from North Cameroon, following long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) distribution in 2011. Female An. gambiae s.l. emerging from larvae collected in Ouro-Housso/Kanadi, Be-Centre, and Bala in 2011 and 2015, were tested for susceptibility to deltamethrin + piperonyl butoxide (PBO) or SSS-tributyl-phosphoro-thrithioate (DEF) synergists, using the World Health Organization’s standard protocol. The Kdr L995F/S alleles were genotyped using Hot Ligation Oligonucleotide Assay. Tested mosquitoes identified using PCR-RFLP were composed of An. arabiensis (68.5%), An. coluzzii (25.5%) and An. gambiae (6%) species. From 2011 to 2015, metabolic resistance increased in Ouro-Housso/Kanadi (up to 89.5% mortality to deltametnrin+synergists in 2015 versus p < 0.02), while it decreased in Be-Centre and Bala (>95% mortality in 2011 versus 42–94% in 2015; p < 0.001). Conversely, the Kdr L995F allelic frequencies slightly decreased in Ouro-Housso/Kanadi (from 50% to 46%, p > 0.9), while significantly increasing in Be-Centre and Bala (from 0–13% to 18–36%, p < 0.02). These data revealed two evolutionary trends of deltamethrin resistance mechanisms; non-pyrethroid vector control tools should supplement LLINs in North Cameroon.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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