| Autor: |
Upender Rao Thuppati, C. Choi, H. Machida, K. Norinaga |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2021 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Carbon Resources Conversion, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 111-121 (2021) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
2588-9133 |
| DOI: |
10.1016/j.crcon.2021.03.003 |
| Popis: |
This work presents the formation of butyl levulinate, a potential fuel additive, and an excellent renewable chemical obtained by the butanolysis of furfuryl alcohol (FAL) over a solid acid catalyst. The butanolysis of furfuryl alcohol reaction is a strong function of acidity for which tungstated zirconia (WO3-ZrO2), a robust solid acid catalyst, and a sulfonated carbon catalyst were employed to produce high yields of butyl levulinate targeting a lower initial molar ratio of butanol to FAL. A maximum of 28 mol% yield of butyl levulinate was obtained with tungstated zirconia catalyst. Easily prepared sulfonated carbon catalyst at high reaction temperatures facilitated the complete conversion of reaction intermediate, 2-butoxymethylfuran (2-BMF) through which butyl levulinate was formed, and as high as 80 mol% of butyl levulinate yield was produced at an initial mole ratio of 8.5:1 of butanol to FAL. The better results of sulfonated carbon catalyst could be attributed to the presence of -SO3H, carboxylic acid, and phenolic OH groups on the carbon surface. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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