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Study region: Europe, with focus on Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), Finland, Poland, and Ukraine. Study focus: The Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to obtain harmonised holistic Europe-wide water management based on an integrated river basin management model. This study analyses the efficiency of national groundwater monitoring programmes in meeting cross-border demands for harmonised data in IRBDs. Emphasis is placed on the core parameters, oxygen content, pH, conductivity, nitrate, and ammonium, specified by the WFD to be monitored in surveillance monitoring programmes. The findings offer recommendations for national water authorities on infirmities in groundwater management and how they could improve data transparency and availability for enhanced long-term management of shared resources. New hydrological insights for the region: A questionnaire distributed to nine European countries indicates large national differences in the extent of groundwater monitoring. This study highlights several key recommendations for moving forward with transborder groundwater management. Firstly, it is imperative that all nations adhere to ISO standards for field practices and analysis. Secondly, transborder collaborative projects to harmonise e.g., design of monitoring programmes, sampling, and analysis and cooperation on data analysis must be established. Lastly, there is a need to enhance the accessibility of groundwater data and associated metadata. The achievement of the WFD objectives encounters obstacles, due to weak transborder integration and the effects related to administrative boundaries. |
