| Autor: |
Pluske John R, Gill Bhupinder P, Prosser James I, Aminov Rustam I, Bailey Mick, Lewis Marie, Stokes Christopher R, Schmidt Bettina, Mulder Imke E, Mayer Claus-Dieter, Musk Corran C, Kelly Denise |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2009 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
BMC Biology, Vol 7, Iss 1, p 79 (2009) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
1741-7007 |
| DOI: |
10.1186/1741-7007-7-79 |
| Popis: |
Abstract Background Early microbial colonization of the gut reduces the incidence of infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recent population studies reveal that childhood hygiene is a significant risk factor for development of inflammatory bowel disease, thereby reinforcing the hygiene hypothesis and the potential importance of microbial colonization during early life. The extent to which early-life environment impacts on microbial diversity of the adult gut and subsequent immune processes has not been comprehensively investigated thus far. We addressed this important question using the pig as a model to evaluate the impact of early-life environment on microbe/host gut interactions during development. Results Genetically-related piglets were housed in either indoor or outdoor environments or in experimental isolators. Analysis of over 3,000 16S rRNA sequences revealed major differences in mucosa-adherent microbial diversity in the ileum of adult pigs attributable to differences in early-life environment. Pigs housed in a natural outdoor environment showed a dominance of Firmicutes, in particular Lactobacillus, whereas animals housed in a hygienic indoor environment had reduced Lactobacillus and higher numbers of potentially pathogenic phylotypes. Our analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between the abundance of Firmicutes and pathogenic bacterial populations in the gut. These differences were exaggerated in animals housed in experimental isolators. Affymetrix microarray technology and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction revealed significant gut-specific gene responses also related to early-life environment. Significantly, indoor-housed pigs displayed increased expression of Type 1 interferon genes, Major Histocompatibility Complex class I and several chemokines. Gene Ontology and pathway analysis further confirmed these results. Conclusion Early-life environment significantly affects both microbial composition of the adult gut and mucosal innate immune function. We observed that a microbiota dominated by lactobacilli may function to maintain mucosal immune homeostasis and limit pathogen colonization. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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