| Autor: |
Eric J. Lehrer, Heather M. McGee, Jennifer L. Peterson, Laura Vallow, Henry Ruiz-Garcia, Nicholas G. Zaorsky, Sonam Sharma, Daniel M. Trifiletti |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2018 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 19, Iss 10, p 3054 (2018) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
1422-0067 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/ijms19103054 |
| Popis: |
Brain metastases traditionally carried a poor prognosis with an overall survival of weeks to months in the absence of treatment. Radiation therapy modalities include whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). WBRT delivers a relatively low dose of radiation, has neurocognitive sequelae, and has not been investigated for its immunostimulatory effects. Furthermore, WBRT exposes the entire intracranial tumor immune microenvironment to radiation. SRS delivers a high dose of conformal radiation with image guidance to minimize dose to surrounding normal brain tissue, and appears to promote anti-tumor immunity. In parallel with many of these discoveries, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated a survival advantage in multiple malignancies commonly associated with brain metastases (e.g., melanoma). Combination SRS and ICI are theorized to be synergistic in anti-tumor immunity directed to brain metastases. The purpose of this review is to explore the synergy of SRS and ICIs, including pre-clinical data, existing clinical data, and ongoing prospective trials. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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