Sustaining Integrity: The Role of Education and Macroeconomic Variables for Corruption Eradication
| Autor: | Indah Susilowati, Andi Kurniawan Karta Negara, Muhammad Syariful Anam, Hizbul Khootimah Az Zaakiyyah, Ramadhanti Dara Sakinah, Aini Nur Furoida |
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| Jazyk: | indonéština |
| Rok vydání: | 2024 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 48-51 (2024) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 2086-1575 2502-7115 |
| DOI: | 10.17977/um002v16i12024p048 |
| Popis: | This study aims to analyze the effect of education level and several macroeconomic variables on the corruption index in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) member countries. This study uses the two-stage least square (2SLS) estimation method. This study found that the lifelong learning index, higher education participation, and foreign direct investment have a negative and significant effect on corruption in all APEC member countries and developing country members. Secondary education and government efficiency index have a negative and significant effect on corruption in all countries (all member states, developed and developing countries). GDP per capita and economic openness have a positive and significant effect on corruption levels in APEC member states and developing countries. The fight against corruption must be immediately implemented as a political influence. Delaying this will reduce the effectiveness of future policies. Institutional reforms bring more positive benefits in countries that are really fighting corruption. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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