Cholesterol Regulation of Membrane Proteins Revealed by Two-Color Super-Resolution Imaging

Autor: Zixuan Yuan, Scott B. Hansen
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Membranes, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 250 (2023)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 13020250
2077-0375
DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020250
Popis: Cholesterol and phosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) are hydrophobic molecules that regulate protein function in the plasma membrane of all cells. In this review, we discuss how changes in cholesterol concentration cause nanoscopic (2 is better known for gating ion channels, in this review, we will discuss a second independent function as a regulator of nanoscopic protein movement that opposes cholesterol clustering. The understanding of the movement of proteins between nanoscopic lipid domains emerged largely through the recent advent of super-resolution imaging and the establishment of two-color techniques to label lipids separate from proteins. We discuss the labeling techniques for imaging, their strengths and weakness, and how they are used to reveal novel mechanisms for an ion channel, transporter, and enzyme function. Among the mechanisms, we describe substrate and ligand presentation and their ability to activate enzymes, gate channels, and transporters rapidly and potently. Finally, we define cholesterol-regulated proteins (CRP) and discuss the role of PIP2 in opposing the regulation of cholesterol, as seen through super-resolution imaging.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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