Identification of the Dynamic Trade Relationship between China and the United States Using the Quantile Grey Lotka–Volterra Model

Autor:	Zheng-Xin Wang, Yue-Ting Li, Ling-Fei Gao
Jazyk:	angličtina
Rok vydání:	2024
Předmět:	grey system theory Lotka–Volterra model quantile regression optimisation modelling China–US trade Thermodynamics QC310.15-319 Mathematics QA1-939 Analysis QA299.6-433
Zdroj:	Fractal and Fractional, Vol 8, Iss 3, p 171 (2024)
Druh dokumentu:	article
ISSN:	2504-3110
DOI:	10.3390/fractalfract8030171
Popis:	The quantile regression technique is introduced into the Lotka–Volterra ecosystem analysis framework. The quantile grey Lotka–Volterra model is established to reveal the dynamic trade relationship between China and the United States. An optimisation model is constructed to solve optimum quantile parameters. The empirical results show that the quantile grey Lotka–Volterra model shows higher fitting accuracy and reveals the trade relationships at different quantiles based on quarterly data on China–US trade from 1999 to 2019. The long-term China–US trade relationship presents a prominent predator–prey relationship because exports from China to the US inhibited China’s imports from the United States. Moreover, we divide samples into five stages according to four key events, China’s accession to the WTO, the 2008 global financial crisis, the weak global economic recovery in 2015, and the 2018 China–US trade war, recognising various characteristics at different stages.
Databáze:	Directory of Open Access Journals
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