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This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of small intestinal immune dysfunction in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) newborn piglets and relieve this dysfunction via dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na) supplementation during the suckling period. Thirty sows (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) were selected, and 1 male newborn piglet with normal birth weight (NBW) and 1 male newborn piglet with IUGR were obtained from each sow. Among them, 10 NBW and 10 IUGR newborns were euthanized without suckling. The other 20 NBW newborns were allocated to the group named NCON, which means NBW newborns fed a basic milk diet (BMD) (n = 10), and the group named ND, which means NBW newborns fed BMD supplemented with 0.1% DMG-Na (n = 10); the other 20 IUGR newborns were assigned to the group named ICON, which means IUGR newborns fed BMD (n = 10), and the group named ID, which means IUGR newborns fed BMD supplemented with 0.1% DMG-Na (n = 10). The newborns were fed BMD from 7 to 21 d of age and euthanized at 21 d of age to collect serum and small intestinal samples. The growth performance, small intestinal histological morphology and sub-organelle ultrastructure, serum immunoglobulin, small intestinal digestive enzyme activity, inflammatory cytokine level, and jejunum mRNA and protein expression of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein (NOD)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) network deteriorated in the ICON group compared to that in the NCON group. The small intestinal histological morphology and sub-organelle ultrastructure, serum immunoglobulin, small intestinal digestive enzyme activity, and inflammatory cytokine level improved (P |
