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Zobeida Eljaaly,1,2,* Muhammad Mujammami,1– 3,* Shaik Sarfaraz Nawaz,3 Mohamed Rafiullah,3 Khalid Siddiqui3 1University Diabetes Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Khalid SiddiquiStrategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh, 11411, Saudi ArabiaEmail ksiddiqui@ksu.edu.saObjective: Patients with diabetes are at higher risk of the negative consequences of hyperuricemia. The objective of this study was to investigate gender and age-specific differences in the uric acid levels and to evaluate the associated risk factors among patients with diabetes.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Strategic Center for Diabetes Research from September 2019 to January 2020, among adult type-2 diabetic patients. Serum uric acid (SUA) and several other metabolic and clinical parameters were examined. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify risk factors independently associated with hyperuricemia.Results: A total of 433 patients were included in the analysis. SUA level was higher in males than females (5.82± 1.65 mg/dL versus 5.29± 1.54 mg/dL, p < 0.001). The prevalence of hyperuricemia was higher in females than males (28.8% versus 20.5%, p = 0.049). There was no significant difference in uric acid levels or the prevalence of hyperuricemia by age groups in the total sample or gender-stratified samples. In multivariate analysis, hyperuricemia was associated with bigger hip circumference (odds ratios [OR] were 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01– 1.05), higher triglycerides (OR = 1.005, 95% CI = 1.002– 1.008), and higher serum creatinine (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.21– 1.49). Hip circumference, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and serum creatinine were independent risk factors in males, while triglycerides and higher serum creatinine were independent risk factors among females.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates gender-specific differences in the uric acid levels and hyperuricemia prevalence. In males and females, hyperuricemia was associated with hip circumference, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and serum creatinine. Future large studies are needed to confirm our findings, especially in elderly females.Keywords: uric acid, hyperuricemia, gender, diabetes, risk factors, Saudi Arabia |
