Utilizing nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine co-doped carbon dots as a fluorescent probe for determination of vancomycin in exhaled breath condensate

Autor: Kosar Shirazi, Zahra Karimzadeh, Mohammad Bagher Hosseini, Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki, Maryam Khoubnasabjafari, Jafar Soleymani, Elaheh Rahimpour, Abolghasem Jouyban
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Heliyon, Vol 10, Iss 17, Pp e37253- (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2405-8440
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37253
Popis: Vancomycin is employed to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. Ensuring precise vancomycin dosages is essential to avoid the emergence of bacterial resistance. In the current study, a fluorescent nanoprobe was designed for vancomycin determination in exhaled breath condensate samples. The nanoprobe was based on carbon dots (CDs) doped with nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine (NSPCl-doped CDs). Vancomycin significantly reduced the fluorescence of NSPCl-doped CDs and presented a quenching process in the analytical response of the probe within a concentration range of 0.01–2.0 μg mL−1 due to forming a non-fluorescent complex. The nanoprobe's intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were 1.4 % and 3.2 %, respectively. This nanoprobe was successfully used to determine vancomycin in the patients receiving this drug collected from the expiratory circuit of the mechanical ventilator.
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