Closed-form and iterative weighted least squares solutions of Helmert transformation parameters

Autor: Sjöberg L.E.
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2013
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Geodetic Science, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 7-11 (2013)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2081-9943
DOI: 10.2478/jogs-2013-0002
Popis: The Helmert transformation is the most common transformation between different geodetic systems. In 2-D, in contrast to higher dimensions, it is a well-known procedure how to determine the 4 transformation parameters in a closed form. Here we derive the closed-form weighted least squares solution in m-dimensional space for an arbitrary number (≥ m) of coordinate set-ups in two related systems. The solution employs singular value decomposition (SVD) for the rotation matrix, while the translation vector and scale parameters are obtained in simpler ways. To avoid the SVD routine, we also present an iterative approach to solve for the rotation matrix. The paper is completed with a test procedure for detecting outlying coordinate pairs.
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