| Autor: |
Christian Widnes, Kari Flo, Tom Wilsgaard, Torvid Kiserud, Ganesh Acharya |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2018 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Biology of Sex Differences, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2018) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
2042-6410 |
| DOI: |
10.1186/s13293-018-0174-x |
| Popis: |
Abstract Background Sexual dimorphism in placental size and function has been described. Whether this influences the clinically important umbilical artery (UA) waveform remains controversial, although a few cross-sectional studies have shown sex differences in UA pulsatility index (PI). Therefore, we tested whether fetal sex influences the UA Doppler indices during the entire second half of pregnancy and aimed to establish sex-specific reference ranges for UA Doppler indices if needed. Methods Our main objective was to investigate gestational age-associated changes in UA Doppler indices during the second half of pregnancy and compare the values between male and female fetuses. This was a prospective longitudinal study in women with singleton low-risk pregnancies during 19–40 weeks of gestation. UA Doppler indices were serially obtained at a 4-weekly interval from a free loop of the umbilical cord using color-directed pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography. Sex-specific reference intervals were calculated for the fetal heart rate (HR), UA PI, resistance index (RI), and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) using multilevel modeling. Results Complete data from 294 pregnancies (a total of 1261 observations from 152 male and 142 female fetuses) were available for statistical analysis, and sex-specific reference ranges for the UA Doppler indices and fetal HR were established for the last half of pregnancy. UA Doppler indices were significantly associated with gestational age (P |
| Databáze: |
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