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BackgroundBirth before 37 or beyond 42 gestational weeks is associated with adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. Studies investigating determinants and outcomes of these deliveries are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the neonatal birth profile in relation to the gestational age at delivery and to evaluate its influence on the immediate maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsThis is a multicenter cohort study of 13,403 women conducted in three hospitals in Riyadh. Collected data included sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, and physical and laboratory measurements. Regression models were developed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) to determine factors associated with preterm, early term, and post-term births and to evaluate common maternal and neonatal risks imposed by deliveries outside the full term.ResultsThe incidence of preterm, early term, and post-term delivery was 8.4%, 29.8%, and 1.4%, respectively. Hypertensive events during pregnancy consistently increased the risk of all grades of preterm births, from more than 3-fold for late preterm (OR = 3.40, 95% CI = 2.21–5.23) to nearly 7-fold for extremely early preterm (OR = 7.11, 95% CI = 2.24–22.60). Early term was more likely to occur in older mothers (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.13–1.49), grand multiparous (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.06–1.38), pregestational diabetes (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.49–2.44), and gestational diabetes women (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05–1.33). The risk of post-term birth was higher in primiparous. In preterm births, the adverse outcome of neonates having an APGAR score of |
