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ObjectivesWe aim to compare the efficacies of the bioelectrical indices (percentage of body fat, PBF; visceral fat area, VFA) with the conventional anthropometric measures (body mass index, BMI; waist-hip ratio, WHR) for predicting type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk by sex and to determine the sex-specific optimal adiposity indices to predict the T2D risk.DesignCross-sectional design.SettingTianjin First Central Hospital and Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.ParticipantsA total of 9,332 adults (41.35% men) undergoing physical examination.Primary and secondary outcome measuresT2D was defined using the WHO’s criteria: fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or previous diagnosis of T2D. Height, weight, waist, hip, PBF, VFA, and fasting plasma glucose were measured.ResultsAll studied adiposity indices were associated with T2D among both males and females, and the observed associations differed by sex. The standardized aORs of BMI, WHR, PBF and VFA for T2D were 1.60 (95% CI 1.42–1.81), 1.43 (95% CI 1.25–1.64), 1.42 (95% CI 1.23–1.62) and 1.53 (95% CI 1.35–1.75) for females, and 1.47 (95% CI 1.31–1.66), 1.40 (95% CI 1.25–1.58), 1.54 (95% CI 1.36–1.74) and 1.47 (95% CI 1.31–1.65) for males, respectively. The AUCs of VFA, WHR and BMI were 0.743, 0.742 and 0.717 in women, respectively, whereas none of the indices had AUC larger than 0.70 in men. The AUCs were not significantly different between VFA and WHR, while both demonstrate larger AUCs than BMI and PBF in females (all p |
