Pancreatic β-cell failure, clinical implications, and therapeutic strategies in type 2 diabetes

Autor: Daxin Cui, Xingrong Feng, Siman Lei, Hongmei Zhang, Wanxin Hu, Shanshan Yang, Xiaoqian Yu, Zhiguang Su, Jing Ni
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Chinese Medical Journal, Vol 137, Iss 7, Pp 791-805 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 0366-6999
2542-5641
00000000
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003034
Popis: Abstract. Pancreatic β-cell failure due to a reduction in function and mass has been defined as a primary contributor to the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reserving insulin-producing β-cells and hence restoring insulin production are gaining attention in translational diabetes research, and β-cell replenishment has been the main focus for diabetes treatment. Significant findings in β-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation, pluripotent stem cell differentiation, and associated small molecules have served as promising strategies to regenerate β-cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms implicated in β-cell dynamic processes under physiological and diabetic conditions, in which genetic factors, age-related alterations, metabolic stresses, and compromised identity are critical factors contributing to β-cell failure in T2D. The article also focuses on recent advances in therapeutic strategies for diabetes treatment by promoting β-cell proliferation, inducing non-β-cell transdifferentiation, and reprograming stem cell differentiation. Although a significant challenge remains for each of these strategies, the recognition of the mechanisms responsible for β-cell development and mature endocrine cell plasticity and remarkable advances in the generation of exogenous β-cells from stem cells and single-cell studies pave the way for developing potential approaches to cure diabetes.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals