Global total precipitable water variations and trends over the period 1958–2021
| Autor: | N. Wan, X. Lin, R. A. Pielke Sr., X. Zeng, A. M. Nelson |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2024 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 28, Pp 2123-2137 (2024) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 2123-2024 1027-5606 1607-7938 |
| DOI: | 10.5194/hess-28-2123-2024 |
| Popis: | Global responses of the hydrological cycle to climate change have been widely studied, but uncertainties still remain regarding water vapor responses to lower-tropospheric temperature. Here, we investigate the trends in global total precipitable water (TPW) and surface temperature from 1958 to 2021 using ERA5 and JRA-55 reanalysis datasets. We further validate these trends using radiosonde from 1979 to 2019 and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) observations from 2003 to 2021. Our results indicate a global increase in total precipitable water (TPW) of ∼ 2 % per decade from 1993–2021. These variations in TPW reflect the interactions of global warming feedback mechanisms across different spatial scales. Our results also revealed a significant near-surface temperature (T2 m) warming trend of ∼ 0.15 K decade−1 over the period 1958–2021. The consistent warming at a rate of ∼ 0.21 K decade−1 after 1993 corresponds to a strong water vapor response to temperature at a rate of 9.5 % K−1 globally, with land areas warming approximately twice as fast as the oceans. The relationship between TPW and T2 m showed a variation of around 6 % K−1–8 % K−1 in the 15–55° N latitude band, aligning with theoretical estimates from the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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