Effect of Current Waveforms during Directed Energy Deposition of 4043 Aluminum Alloy on Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear of Alloy

Autor: Kumar Ujjwal, Katipalli Anand Kumar, Mukul Anand, R. K. Singh Raman, Alok Kumar Das
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Materials, Vol 16, Iss 20, p 6716 (2023)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1996-1944
DOI: 10.3390/ma16206716
Popis: Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was employed to fabricate 4043 aluminum alloy walls. To investigate the effects of sinusoidal, triangular, and rectangular waveforms of alternating current (AC) and their transients on the wall geometry, microstructure evolution, hardness, and wear properties were evaluated. The root mean square (RMS) current value was maximum for the rectangular and minimum for the triangular waveform. The section produced by the triangular waveform had the highest height-to-width ratio, indicating that this waveform can be a favorable choice for creating components using WAAM. The optical micrographs of the transverse cross-section of the printed sections revealed the grain structure produced with this waveform to be heterogeneous, having a columnar dendritic structure at the bottom and equiaxed at the top portion. The waveforms also had an impact on the hardness and wear characteristics of all the walls, which were attributed to their cooling rate.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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