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Se ha señalado que existiría un efecto compensatorio de la desnutrición crónica que induce al exceso de peso y esto seria más evidente en poblaciones indígenas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la asociación entre etnia indígena (mapuche) y composición corporal en telarquia y menarquia de indígenas y no indígenas. Mediante un diseño transversal, que se inició con un tamizaje de 10.192 niñas de 168 escuelas de la región de la Araucanía en Chile, para identificar 230 adolescentes en telarquia (estadio II de desarrollo de la glandula mamaria): 112 indígenas y 118 no indígenas y 239 en menarquia: 113 indígenas y 126 no indígenas, a quienes se evaluó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de cintura (CC), masa magra (MM) y grasa (MG). El IMC, CC y MM fueron mayores en indígenas en telarquia (pA compensatory effect of chronic malnutrition that influences excess of weight has been reported. This effect would be more evident in indigenous populations. The aim of this study was to find out the association between ethnic group (mapuche) and body composition in the telarche and menarche of indigenous and non indigenous adolescents. This was a cross sectional design. At the beginning, a screening of 10,121 girls from 168 schools in the Araucania Region, Chile was done. 230 adolescent in telarche (grade II of the development of the mammary gland) :112 indigenous and 118 non indigenous and 239 in menarche (113 indigenous and 126 non indigenous) were identified. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) were evaluated. BMI, WC and LM were higher in the indigenous adolescent in telarche. For those with menarche, the differences decreased, reaching with higher values for indigenous girls only in BMI and FM (p=0,04 and 0,02, respectively). Belonging to the indigenous group increased the BMI in 0.37 z scores in telarche (95% CI: 0,17-0,58) and 0,44 in menarche (95% CI:0,18-0,70). Being mapuche was also associated to higher WC: 3.33 cm (CI 1,67 - 4,99) in telarche and 3,17 cm (CI 0,73-5,60) in menarche and to higher lean mass only for those adolescents with telarche (1,3 CI: 0,11-2,43) and to fat mass only for those with menarche (2,4 CI: 1,02-3,77). The body composition indicators in indigenous adolescents are of concern and underscores the importance of programs to promote healthy lifestyles that take into account resources from the indigenous communities. |
