Molecular Mechanisms of Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma

Autor: Alexander Ou, W. K. Alfred Yung, Nazanin Majd
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 1, p 351 (2020)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 22010351
1422-0067
1661-6596
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010351
Popis: Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults and is almost invariably fatal. Despite our growing understanding of the various mechanisms underlying treatment failure, the standard-of-care therapy has not changed over the last two decades, signifying a great unmet need. The challenges of treating glioblastoma are many and include inadequate drug or agent delivery across the blood–brain barrier, abundant intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, redundant signaling pathways, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we review the innate and adaptive molecular mechanisms underlying glioblastoma’s treatment resistance, emphasizing the intrinsic challenges therapeutic interventions must overcome—namely, the blood–brain barrier, tumoral heterogeneity, and microenvironment—and the mechanisms of resistance to conventional treatments, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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