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Introduction: Agitation management in delirious patients is crucial in a crowded emergency department (ED) for both patient and personnel safety. Benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and newly derived ketamine are among the most commonly used drugs in controlling these cases. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of haloperidol-midazolam with haloperidol-ketamine combination in this regard. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, delirious patients with agitation in ED were randomly assigned to a group: group A: haloperidol 2.5 mg IV and midazolam 0.05 mg/kg IV or group B: haloperidol 2.5 mg IV and ketamine 0.5 mg/kg IV. Sedative effects as well as side effects at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4 hours after the intervention were compared between the 2 groups. Results: We enrolled 140 cases with Altered Mental Status Score (AMSS)≥+2 and mean age of 52.8±19.4 years (78.5% male). Agitation was significantly controlled in both groups (p |
