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Armin Mooranian,1,2 Thomas Foster,1,2 Corina M Ionescu,1,2 Louise Carey,1,2 Daniel Walker,1,2 Melissa Jones,1,2 Susbin Raj Wagle,1,2 Bozica Kovacevic,1,2 Jacqueline Chester,1,2 Edan Johnstone,1,2 Jafri Kuthubutheen,3 Daniel Brown,4 Marcus D Atlas,2 Momir Mikov,5 Hani Al-Salami1,2 1The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, WA, Australia; 2Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, 6009, WA, Australia; 3Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; 4Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; 5Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21101, SerbiaCorrespondence: Hani Al-SalamiHearing Therapeutics, Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, WA, AustraliaTel +61 8 9266 9816Fax + 61 8 9266 2769Email hani.al-salami@curtin.edu.auIntroduction: In a recent study, in our laboratory, primary unconjugated bile acids, commonly found in humans, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), have been shown to improve stability of nanoencapsulated lipophilic drugs and improve their release profile after oral administration likely via electrokinetic stabilisation. Hence, this study aimed to examine the effects of CDCA on exerting similar effects on hydrophilic drugs.Methods: Various CDCA-based formulations were produced for the orally administered hydrophilic drug, metformin. Analyses of these formulations included electrokinetic potentials, topography, drug and CDCA formulation contents, nano size distribution, heat-induced deformation and outer-core expansion indices, release profiles, shell-resistance ratio, and thermal and chemical indices. With the drug’s main target being pancreatic beta-cells, the formulations’ effects on cell viability, functions and inflammatory profiles were also investigated.Results and Conclusions: CDCA-based metformin formulations exhibited improved stability and release profiles via thermal, chemical and electrokinetic effects, which were formulation-dependent suggesting potential applications of CDCA in the oral targeted delivery of hydrophilic drugs.Keywords: microencapsulation, diabetes mellitus, Glyceryl monooleate, Eudragit, chenodeoxycholic acid |
