Approaching the Conformal Limit of Quark Matter with Different Chemical Potentials

Autor: Connor Brown, Veronica Dexheimer, Rafael Bán Jacobsen, Ricardo Luciano Sonego Farias
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 7, p 852 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 16070852
2073-8994
DOI: 10.3390/sym16070852
Popis: We study in detail the influence of different chemical potentials (baryon, electric charge, strange, and neutrino) on how and how fast a free gas of quarks in the zero-temperature limit reaches the conformal limit. We discuss the influence of non-zero masses, the inclusion of leptons, and different constraints, such as charge neutrality, zero-net strangeness, and fixed lepton fraction. We also investigate for the first time how the symmetry energy of the system under some of these conditions approaches the conformal limit. We find that the inclusion of all quark masses (even the light ones) can produce different results depending on the chemical potential values or constraints assumed. A positive or negative deviation of 10% from the pressure of free massless quarks with the same chemical potential was found to take place as low as μB=77 to as high as 48,897 MeV. This illustrates the fact that the “free” or conformal limit is not a unique description. Finally, we briefly discuss what kind of corrections are expected from perturbative QCD as one goes away from the conformal limit.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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