| Popis: |
The article highlights the features of the formation of the system of Soviet mass holidays. After the overthrow of the autocracy (Emperor Nicholas II) in February 1917, all political forces tried to secure the support of the population. An important tool of this was mass events: holidays, rallies, demonstrations. Having won a victory in Civil war, Bolsheviks began to build new cultural policy. New holidays, memorable days and rituals were based on events of recent history, mainly on the Revolution of 1917 in Russia and stories about her heroes. The main holiday was November 7 - the day of the Bolsheviks coming to power (the Great October socialist revolution). The article notes that several years were also celebrated on March 12 - the Day of the overthrow of the autocracy in Russia and March 18 - the Day of the Paris Commune, the First of May (Day of Solidarity of Workers, May Day), February 23 (Day of the Red Army), March 8 (International Day of Workwomen) and monthly community workdays were also important holidays. Organization of all holidays in the capital and regions was strictly controlled by the ruling party. The examples given in the article show the uniformity of many celebrations. With the reference to the scientific methodology V. Ya. Propp, the article highlights the main structural elements of the Soviet holidays of those years: demonstrations, rallies, mass celebrations, theatrical performances. A new feature of the mass holidays were social and political meetings. It is shown that in Soviet Russia and the USSR holidays were a symbiosis of science, propoganda and literature. Special methodical recommendations how to write festive scenarios were developed. Regional authors, as a rule, used published historical sources and tried to make them literary. It is noted that a large number of the Soviet citizens was involved in the preparation process of festive actions. Even more of them participated in their direct implementation, which was one of the goals of the new cultural policy of the Bolsheviks. |
